Author Guidelines

General Instruction for Authors

The Transekonomika: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan publishes scholarly works related to accounting, business and finances within the journal's Focus and Scope. Authors must follow these Author Guidelines, the latest official Manuscript Template, and all applicable editorial and publication policies.

All manuscripts must be submitted to the Transekonomika: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan via Online Submission, where the author registers as an Author and/or is offered as a Reviewer online. If the author has problems with online submissions, please contact the Editorial Office.

Articles must report research results that present current, scientifically grounded ideas in the fields of Accounting, Economics, Business, Finance, and Management. Articles submitted for publication must not have been published in any other scientific journal.

 

Preparation of manuscripts
Authors should carefully prepare their manuscripts in accordance with the following instructions: (1) All manuscripts should be prepared according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th ed.; (2) Manuscripts should be as concise as possible, yet sufficiently detailed to permit adequate communication and critical review; (3) Consult the APA Publication Manual for specific guidelines regarding the format of the manuscript, abstract, citations and references, tables and figures, and other matters of editorial style, and; (4) Tables and figures should be used only when essential.

Page limitations
The manuscript should be no more than 8,000 words or 20 pages, and no fewer than 5 pages, including references, tables, and figures (appendices excluded).

During Submission
Before submitting your manuscript, please read the following information carefully: (1) The manuscript is the result of your own work (original, not plagiarized) and has not been published in another journal; (2) Articles may be submitted in Bahasa Indonesia or English (English is preferred for international readers, and Bahasa Indonesia manuscripts may be returned during the initial review for translation into English), Abstract and Keywords clear written in English; (3) The manuscript file must be digital. We suggest using Microsoft Office (2010 or above) and saving the file as .rtf, .doc, or .docx, and; (4) Document format style: A4 paper size; margins: Left 3.00 cm, Top 2.50 cm, Right 2.50 cm, Bottom 2.50 cm; header 1.50 cm and footer 1.50 cm, with different first page and different odd and even pages; one-column layout for the body text; single line spacing with spacing before = 0 pt and after = 6 pt; black font color and Times New Roman for all text (except the section or sub-section); and use only one space after each word and period. For technical details about the manuscript content see Template.

 

Manuscript Type

Transekonomika: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan accepts: Original Research Articles; Review Articles, including Systematic Literature Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Bibliometric Studies; Conceptual and Theoretical Papers; Case Studies; Methodological Studies. Submitted manuscripts must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration for publication by another journal or publisher.

For further details, please refer to Manuscript Type

 

The structure of manuscripts
Original research articles, review articles, and conceptual papers should follow this structure:
(a) TITLE; (b) Authors' Names, Affiliations, and email; (c) ABSTRACT; (d) Keyword(s); (e) INTRODUCTION; (f) LITERATURE REVIEW; (g) METHOD; (h) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION; (i) CONCLUSION; (j) Declarations and Supplementary Sections (Acknowledgements; Conflict of Interest Statement; Author Contributions; Funding Statement; Informed Consent; Ethical Approval; Data Availability; Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted Technologies); and (k) REFERENCES.

(a) TITLE

A title should be the fewest possible words that accurately describe the content of the paper (Center, Bold, 14pt)

 

(b) Author(s), Affiliation(s), Email

First Author1*, Second Author2  (11 pt)
1Department, Faculty, University, Country (10 pt)
2Study Program, Faculty, University, Country (10 pt)
Email: 1) firstauthor@gmail.com (10 pt)

example:

First Author1*, Second Author2, Third Author3,4 (11 pt)

1Department X, Faculty of Economics, Universitas ABC, Indonesia

2Department X, Faculty of Business and Management, University of DEF, Malaysia

3Department X, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of GHI, Australia

4X Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Politeknik Negeri JKL, Indonesia
Email: 1) firstauthor@gmail.com, 2) second@gmail.com, 3,4) third@gmail.com

Note:
- Add an asterisk (*) to the name of the corresponding author
- The template includes an ORCID iD icon. Authors who have an ORCID iD may link their profile to the icon by inserting a hyperlink (right-click the icon > Link) and pasting their ORCID profile URL (e.g., https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000)

 

(c) ABSTRACT

A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. 

The Abstract should be a single, self-contained paragraph of 150 to 250 words. Use the structured format below, writing each part as a short labeled section in the order shown. Write in the past tense (except for the Conclusions, which may use the present tense for implications). Do not cite literature, and avoid abbreviations and undefined terms.

  • Background: 2 to 3 sentences on the context and the problem or gap that motivated the study.
  • Objectives: 1 to 2 sentences stating the aim of the study (for example, “This study examined...”).
  • Methodology: 2 to 3 sentences on the design, data or sample, and analysis technique.
  • Findings: 2 to 4 sentences on the main results, including key figures where possible.
  • Conclusions: 1 to 2 sentences on the main conclusion, its implications, and its contribution.

Example:

Background: The pressure to publish in high-impact journals is central to contemporary academia and is linked to career advancement, funding, and reputation. Although research quality and novelty are widely seen as the basis of publication success, many robust studies fail to pass peer review, suggesting that other factors also act as gatekeepers.

Objectives: This study examined the formal elements of manuscript preparation and tested whether adherence to discipline-specific rhetorical and structural templates influenced editorial and peer review outcomes, independent of research quality.

Methodology: A mixed-methods design was used: (1) a quantitative analysis of 200 manuscript decisions in high-impact social and natural science journals, coded for template-related critiques (structure, framing, and narrative); and (2) interviews with 15 active editors and senior scholars about their expectations of manuscript composition.

Findings: More than 40% of desk-rejection decisions and major revision requests cited deviations from expected structural or narrative conventions. Successful manuscripts consistently used field-specific rhetorical templates, such as the problem–gap–hook pattern in introductions and the claims–evidence–warrant pattern in discussions. Editors used template conformity as a heuristic for researcher competence and manuscript readiness.

Conclusions: Mastery of disciplinary writing templates was a critical non-content factor in publication success. Explicit instruction in these frameworks should be part of doctoral training and researcher development.

(d) Keywords: Written in English. Choosing appropriate keywords is important, because these are used for indexing purposes. Please select a maximum of 5 words to enable your manuscript to be more easily identified and cited (do not copying and paste the title). (provide 3-5 keywords that best represent the article, separated by commas and arranged alphabetically)

 

(e) INTRODUCTION

The introduction is a little different from the short and concise abstract. The reader needs to know the background to your research and, most importantly, why your research is important in this context. What critical question does your research address? Why should the reader be interested? The Introduction must contain the state of the art, gap analysis, and research objectives.

The purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader’s interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper. You must summarize the problem to be addressed, give background on the subject, discuss previous research on the topic, and explain exactly what the paper will address, why, and how. A good thing to avoid is making your introduction into a mini review. There is a huge amount of literature out there, but as a scientist you should be able to pick out the things that are most relevant to your work and explain why. This shows an editor/reviewer/reader that you really understand your area of research and that you can get straight to the most important issues.

Keep your Introduction to be very concise, well structured, and inclusive of all the information needed to follow the development of your findings. Do not over-burden the reader by making the introduction too long. Get to the key parts other paper sooner rather than later.

Tips:

  1. Begin the Introduction by providing a concise background account of the problem studied.
  2. State the objective of the investigation. Your research objective is the most important part of the introduction.
  3. Establish the significance of your work: Why was there a need to conduct the study?
  4. Introduce the reader to the pertinent literature. Do not give a full history of the topic. Only quote previous work having direct bearing on the present problem.
  5. Clearly state your hypothesis, the variables investigated, and concisely summarize the methods used.
  6. Define any abbreviations or specialized/regional terms.
  7. Provide a concise discussion of the results and findings of other studies so the reader understands the big picture.
  8. Describe some of the major findings presented in your manuscript and explain how they contribute to the larger field of research.
  9. State the principal conclusions derived from your results.
  10. Identify any questions left unanswered and any new questions generated by your study.

Be concise and aware of who will be reading your manuscript and make sure the Introduction is directed to that audience. Move from general to specific; from the problem in the real world to the literature to your research. Last, please avoid to make a sub section in Introduction.

Example of novelty statement or the gap analysis statement in the end of Introduction section (after state of the art of previous research survey):

“........ (short summary of background)....... A few researchers focused on ....... There have been limited studies concerned on ........ Therefore, this research intends to ................. The objectives of this research are .........”.

 

(f) LITERATURE REVIEW

In the Literature Review section, authors should clearly explain the theoretical foundations relevant to their research, highlight previous related studies, and identify research gaps. This section should also include hypothesis development and, if applicable, present the research framework for each variable studied. The literature review should build a logical foundation that justifies the study and leads into the methods and analysis sections.

 

(g) METHOD

In the Method section, you explain clearly how you conducted your research order to: (1) enable readers to evaluate the work performed and (2) permit others to replicate your research. You must describe exactly what you did: what and how experiments were run, what, how much, how often, where, when, and why equipment and materials were used. The main consideration is to ensure that enough detail is provided to verify your findings and to enable the replication of the research. You should maintain a balance between brevity (you cannot describe every technical issue) and completeness (you need to give adequate detail so that readers know what happened).

Tips:

  1. Define the population and the methods of sampling;
  2. Describe the instrumentation;
  3. Describe the procedures and if relevant, the time frame;
  4. Describe the analysis plan;
  5. Describe any approaches to ensure validity and reliability;
  6. State any assumptions;question
  7. Describe statistical tests and the comparisons made; ordinary statistical methods should be used without comment; advanced or unusual methods may require a literature citation, and;
  8. Describe the scope and/or limitations of the methodology you used.

 

(h) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results should be clear and concise, and tables and figures are preferred. The Results and Discussion divided into subsections: 4.1. Research Results, which may include sub-subsections (4.1.1., 4.1.2., 4.1.3., and so on), and 4.2. Discussion, which may likewise be divided into sub-subsections (4.2.1., 4.2.2., 4.2.3.; use Heading 3 style). (Please use Heading style -> Text | Transpublika)

4.1. Research Results
Present the main findings clearly, supported by tables, figures, graphs, statistical analyses, qualitative findings, or other relevant evidence. Do not merely reproduce raw data. Emphasize the findings directly related to the research objectives or research questions.

4.2. Discussion
The purpose of the Discussion is to interpret the findings, explain their implications, and suggest directions for future research. It answers the questions posed in the Introduction, explains how the results support those answers, and shows how they fit with existing knowledge. The Discussion is the heart of the paper and usually requires several drafts.

The Discussion should:

  • address the research problem or research questions;
  • interpret the findings and explain their meaning;
  • relate the findings to relevant theories and previous studies;
  • explain agreements, differences, or unexpected findings;
  • identify the scholarly contribution of the study; and
  • where relevant, develop or modify existing theoretical or practical understanding.

The Discussion must connect to the Introduction through the research questions or hypotheses and the literature reviewed, but it should not repeat or rearrange the Introduction. It should explain how your study has moved the reader’s understanding of the research problem forward. Keep it as short as possible while clearly stating, supporting, and defending your answers. Provide commentary, not a restatement of the results, and leave out side issues that obscure the message.

Tips:

  1. State the Major Findings of the Study;
  2. Explain the Meaning of the Findings and Why the Findings Are Important;
  3. Support the answers with the results. Explain how your results relate to expectations and to the literature, clearly stating why they are acceptable and how they are consistent or fit in with previously published knowledge on the topic;
  4. Relate the Findings to Those of Similar Studies;
  5. Consider Alternative Explanations of the Findings;
  6. State the Clinical Relevance of the Findings;
  7. Acknowledge the Study’s Limitations, and;
  8. Make Suggestions for Further Research.

It is easy to inflate the interpretation of the results. Be careful that your interpretation of the results does not go beyond what is supported by the data. The data are the data: nothing more, nothing less.  Please avoid and make over interpretation of the results, unwarranted speculation, inflating the importance of the findings, tangential issues or over-emphasize the impact of your research.

The following components should be covered in discussion: How do your results relate to the original question or objectives outlined in the Introduction section (what/how)? Do you provide interpretation scientifically for each of your results or findings presented (why)? Are your results consistent with what other investigators have reported (what else)? Or are there any differences? 

Relevant scholarly references (as cited in the INTRODUCTION or LITERATURE REVIEW) are recommended in the Discussion to support a sufficiently comprehensive interpretation of the findings.

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Figures and tables:

Figures and tables are the most effective way to present results. Captions should be able to stand alone, such that the figures and tables are understandable without the need to read the entire manuscript. Besides that, the data represented should be easy to interpret. Figures and Table are presented center and should be cited in text and discussed further. 

Tips:

  1. The graphic should be simple, but informative;
  2. The use of color is encouraged;
  3. The graphic should uphold the standards of a scholarly, professional publication;
  4. The graphic must be entirely original, unpublished artwork created by one of the co-authors;
  5. The graphic should not include a photograph, drawing, or caricature of any person, living or deceased;
  6. Do not include postage stamps or currency from any country, or trademarked items (company logos, images, and products), and;
  7. Avoid choosing a graphic that already appears within the text of the manuscript.

Figures should be simple, informative, and understandable without reading the main text. Follow these rules:

  1. Caption: Place the figure number and title below the figure, in bold and centered, using the Heading Figure and Tables style (for example, “Figure 1. xx”). Number figures consecutively and refer to each one in the text before it appears (for example, “as shown in Figure 1”).
  2. Source: Place the source on the line below the caption, for example “Source: Authors” or “Source: Badan Pusat Statistik (2021)”. Cite published sources in the reference list.
  3. Quality: Use clear, high-resolution images (at least 300 dpi). The text inside the figure must be readable at print size, and nothing should be cropped or cut off.
  4. Size and placement: Center the figure, fit it within the page margins, and place it right after its first mention. Leave one blank line between the figure block (figure, caption, and source) and the following paragraph.
  5. Originality: Use original artwork, or obtain permission and cite the source for any reproduced figure.
  6. Text reference: Always explain what the figure shows in the text, not only “see Figure 1”.

example:

Figure 1 illustrates the proper format for writing captions of figures and tables, specifically how to apply the heading style consistently.

 

Tables should be simple, informative, and understandable without reading the main text. Follow these rules:

  1. Title: Place the table number and title above the table, in bold and centered, using the Heading Figure and Tables style (for example, “Table 1. Respondent Characteristics”). Number tables consecutively and refer to each one in the text (for example, “as shown in Table 1”).
  2. Lines: Use only horizontal lines: one at the top, one below the column headings, and one at the bottom. If the table has a total row, add a line above it. Do not use vertical lines or cell shading.
  3. Column headings: Write headings in bold and centered. The first column (No) is left-aligned.
  4. Table body: Use the Heading Table Body style, Times New Roman, single spacing. Align text left and numbers centered (or aligned at the decimal point) so that they are easy to compare.
  5. Numbers: Always use two digits after the decimal point (for example, 0.11, not 0.1), and use the same number of decimals within a column.
  6. Total row: If a total is shown, write it in bold.
  7. Source: Place the source below the table, for example “Source: Authors” or “Source: Badan Pusat Statistik (2021)”. Cite published sources in the reference list.
  8. Size and placement: Fit the table within the page margins and place it right after its first mention. Do not paste tables as images.

Example:

Table 1 demonstrates the appropriate application of heading styles for figures and tables, illustrating how captions should be formatted consistently to ensure clarity and adherence to academic standards (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2021; Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Bali, 2021).

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(i) CONCLUSION

The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of the main topics covered or a re-statement of your research problem, but a synthesis of key points. It is important that the conclusion does not leave the question unanswered. 

Conclusions should answer the objectives of the research. Tells how your work advances the field from the present state of knowledge. Without clear Conclusions, reviewers and readers will find it difficult to judge the work, and whether or not it merits publication in the journal. Do not repeat the Abstract, or just list experimental results. Provide a clear scientific justification for your work, and indicate possible applications and extensions. You should also suggest future experiments and/or point out those that are underway.

Tips:

  1. State your conclusions clearly and concisely. Be brief and stick to the point;
  2. Explain why your study is important to the reader. You should instill in the reader a sense of relevance;
  3. Prove to the reader, and the scientific community, that your findings are worthy of note. This means setting your paper in the context of previous work. The implications of your findings should be discussed within a realistic framework, and;
  4. Strive for accuracy and originality in your conclusion. If your hypothesis is similar to previous papers, you must establish why your study and your results are original.

For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion, although in some cases, a two or three paragraph conclusion may be required. The another of important things about this section is (1) do not rewrite the abstract; (2) statements with “investigated” or “studied” are not conclusions; (3) do not introduce new arguments, evidence, new ideas, or information unrelated to the topic; (4) do not include evidence (quotations, statistics, citation etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

 

(j) Declarations and Supplementary Sections

Place the following sections after the Conclusion and before the References. Delete any section that does not apply, except those marked required.

Every manuscript must include:

  • Acknowledgements (optional);
  • Conflict of Interest Statement;
  • Author Contributions using CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy);
  • Funding Statement;
  • Informed Consent;
  • Ethical Approval;
  • Data Availability; and
  • Declaration of Assistive Technologies in the Writing Process.

These declarations must accurately reflect the circumstances of the research and must follow the format provided in the official Transekonomika Manuscript Template.

Authors must not remove mandatory declaration sections from the manuscript.

  1. Acknowledgements (optional)

Acknowledge individuals or institutions that contributed to the research but do not meet authorship criteria, for example by providing facilities, data access, technical support, proofreading, or feedback. Report financial support in the Funding Statement, not here.

Example: The authors thank the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas X, for providing research facilities, and the participating companies for granting access to their financial reports. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback.

 

  1. Funding Statement (required)

State the funding body, grant name, and grant number, and whether the funder had any role in the study design, data analysis, or decision to publish.

Example (funded): This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia under the Fundamental Research Grant No. 123/ABC/2026. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Example (no funding): No funding was received for this research.

 

  1. Conflict of Interest Statement (required)

Declare any financial or personal relationships that could influence the work.

Example (no conflict): The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Example (with conflict): A.B. is an employee of PT Example, which provided the data used in this study. The company had no role in the analysis, interpretation of results, or decision to publish. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

For further details, please refer to Conflict of Interest Policy.

 

  1. Author Contributions (required)

Describe each author’s contribution using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) 14 roles. List each author by initials, followed by roles and academic position.

Example:
A.B.: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft. 
C.D.: Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Project Administration, Writing – Review & Editing. 
E.F.: Software, Data Curation, Resources. 

For further details, please refer to Authorship.

 

  1. Ethical Approval (required for studies involving human participants or animals)

Provide the name of the ethics committee and the approval reference number.

Example (applicable): This study involving human participants was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Example (Reference No. 045/KEP/2026).

Example (not applicable): This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors.

Research involving human participants, animals, communities, institutions, vulnerable groups, personal data, or other subjects requiring ethical oversight must comply with applicable ethical standards, institutional requirements, and relevant regulations.

TRANSEKONOMIKA does not require formal Ethical Clearance for every type of research. The requirement for Ethical Clearance depends on the nature of the study, level of risk, type of participants or data involved, and applicable institutional or ethics committee requirements.

Where formal Ethical Clearance is required, authors must report:

  • the name of the approving institution or ethics committee;
  • the Ethical Clearance or ethical approval number; and
  • the year of approval.

Ethical Clearance must be obtained before the research is conducted when such approval is required.

For low or negligible risk research where formal Ethical Clearance is not required under applicable institutional requirements, authors should state the basis for non-requirement.

Permission from the relevant school, university, institution, community, or other research setting must be obtained and reported where applicable.

Research involving participants must continue to apply appropriate ethical safeguards, including:

  • voluntary participation;
  • informed consent where applicable;
  • parental or guardian consent and participant assent where applicable;
  • protection of privacy and confidentiality;
  • protection of vulnerable groups; and
  • fair treatment of participants.

Personal information, identifiable data, photographs, images, recordings, screenshots, documents, and other identifiable materials must be appropriately protected.

Where identification is unnecessary for the scholarly purpose of the manuscript, identifiable features should be appropriately anonymized or obscured.

Privacy-protecting modifications such as blurring faces, masking identifying information, anonymizing names, or cropping images are permitted provided that they do not alter, fabricate, or misrepresent the scholarly or scientific meaning of the material.

Where publication of identifiable materials requires specific consent or permission, authors are responsible for obtaining the appropriate consent or permission before manuscript submission.

 

  1. Informed Consent (required for studies involving human participants)

State how consent was obtained from participants.

Example (applicable): Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary and that their responses would remain anonymous and confidential.

Example (not applicable): Informed consent was not required because this study did not involve human participants. The study used publicly available financial statements of listed companies.

 

  1. Data Availability (required)

State where the data supporting the findings can be accessed. Choose the statement that fits your study.

Example (upon request): The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author [A.B.] upon reasonable request.

Example (repository): The dataset analyzed in this study is openly available in [Repository Name] at https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx.

Example (public sources): The data were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id) and are publicly available. The processed dataset is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

For further details, please refer to Data Availability.

 

  1. Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted Technologies (required)

Authors must transparently disclose any use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies during manuscript preparation. 

Option A (AI was used), template: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [AI tool name, version, and developer] for [clear description of the purpose and extent of use]. All outputs underwent critical review and thorough editing by the authors to ensure factual accuracy, clarity, and adherence to academic standards. The authors take full responsibility for the integrity and content of this manuscript.

Option A, example: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [AI tool name, version, and developer] to improve grammar and language clarity in the Introduction and Discussion sections. All outputs were critically reviewed and edited by the authors to ensure factual accuracy and adherence to academic standards. The authors take full responsibility for the integrity and content of this manuscript.

Option B (AI was not used): The authors declare that no generative AI or AI-assisted technologies were used in the preparation of this manuscript.

All use of AI and assistive technologies must comply with the AI Policy.

 

(k) REFERENCES

References should follow the style detailed in the APA 7th Publication Manual.

Starting in 2026, to ensure the quality and academic rigor of this journal, submitted papers must include at least 20 references primarily from the past 10 years, with a minimum of 40% sourced from reputable indexed journals (preferably Scopus-indexed journals). Citations from personal websites, blogs are not acceptable. Authors are encouraged to focus their citations on reputable peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and scholarly books.

Make sure that all references mentioned in the text are listed in the reference section and vice versa and that the spelling of author names and years are consistent. Please to not be used footnote or endnote in any format. References and citations that are fabricated, non-existent, irrelevant, unverifiable, manipulated, misleading, or AI-hallucinated are prohibited. Authors are responsible for verifying every reference before submission.

Tips:(Please cross check for)

  1. Spelling of author names;
  2. Punctuation;
  3. Number of authors to include before using “etc.”, and;
  4. Reference style

We suggest all of you using software MENDELEY, ENDNOTE, or ZOTERO for easily citation. References should focus on recent and pertinent studies, primarily from the past 10 years, with minimal reliance on older sources (not exceeding 20%). Authors must also carefully follow APA7th Publication Manual guidelines for nondiscriminatory language regarding gender, sexual orientation, racial and ethnic identity, disabilities, and age. In addition, the terms counseling, counselor, and client are preferred, rather than their many synonyms.

The bibliography should be written in single spacing, Times New Roman, 10 pt. Mendeley is preferred for reference management and formatting, but other tools such as EndNote or Zotero are also acceptable. Apply the References heading style after inserting the bibliography, and use a consistent format for all references (see the examples below).

Note: The examples below are grouped by source type for illustration only. In your manuscript, list all references in a single list, in alphabetical order, without type headings.

Journal articles:

Ersanto, N., Harmoko, D., & Lukiyono, Y. T. (2025). Differences in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in packed red cells (PRC) with various storage times. Pharmacology, Medical Reports, Orthopedic, and Illness Details (COMORBID), 4(2), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.55047/comorbid.v4i2.1756

Matakena, S., Mardhiyah, A., & Siregar, O. M. (2023). Effect of work-life balance and emotional intelligence on employee performance: Study on employees of PT Bank Tabungan Negara Medan Branch Office Consumer Collection Recovery and Asset Sales Unit Division. Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Business, 3(2), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.55047/jhssb.v3i2.878

Pasicaran-Escleto, G., Cabatingan, A. Y., Polinar, M. A. N., & Delantar, A. F. A. (2024). Beyond the title: An in-depth exploration of the leadership experiences and styles of Sangguniang Kabataan presidents. Journal of Humanities, Social Sciences and Business, 4(1), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.55047/jhssb.v4i1.1509

Safira, W., & Sandela, I. (2023). Analysis of judges’ decisions on criminal sanctions for illegal fishing recidivists: Study of Sinabang District Court decision number 7/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Snb jo 28/Pid.Sus/2016/PN Snb. Policy, Law, Notary and Regulatory Issues, 2(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.55047/polri.v2i2.616

Conference proceedings:

Lee, G. (2024). AI-based writing feedback in ESP: Leveraging ChatGPT for writing business cover letters among Korean university students. In Proceedings of the International CALL Research Conference (pp. 131–136). https://doi.org/10.29140/9780648184485-20

Wisnumurti, G. O., Arwati, N. W., Nahak, S., & Sepud, I. (2020). Legal protection for consumers from misleading information on goods and services in the perspective of consumers protection laws. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Technology Management and Tourism (ICTMT) (pp. 1–7). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.19-8-2019.2293761

Data sets and reports:

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Jumlah koperasi menurut jenis koperasi dan kecamatan di Kabupaten Malang, 2020 [Data set]. https://malangkab.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/1/ODI0IzE=/jumlah-koperasi-menurut-jenis-koperasi-dan-kecamatan--di-kabupaten-malang--2020.html

Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali. (2021). Tinjauan perekonomian Bali 2020 (N. L. P. Kusumawati, Ed.). https://bali.bps.go.id/id/publication/2021/06/30/8de657ee27bc6bc4dcdb8911/tinjauan-perekonomian-bali-2020.html

Books:

Muhaimin. (2020). Metode penelitian hukum. Unram Press.

Sugiyono. (2019). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

 

 

Note:
Make sure that the paper is written using the Template.